Whether you get hired for a new job, promoted, or reassigned to a new position, you will most likely have a new boss. Each time that happens, you must develop a new professional relationship with the person you rely on for direction, development, and future advancement. You need to quickly determine if this new boss is a good match for you and your career goals. But how can you tell? Try these five questions.

不管你是新找到了一份工作，升了職，還是被調到一個新的職位，你都可能會碰到個新上司。每當發生這樣的情況時，為了你將來的人生方向和未來的發展，你必須和這個你與今后的發展息息相關的人建立新的關系。你需要迅速判斷這位新上司是否和你以及你的事業目標相得益彰。但是你該怎么辨別呢?試試下面五個問題。

1. Does your boss showcase your work?

If you’re not sure, you could ask him, "What leadership opportunities will I have in my job?" If he says something like, "There’s only one leader here -- me," you may have what I call a "Suppressor Boss." A boss who replies, "We’re all leaders here; you’ll be in charge of projects that need your expertise," will have no problem appreciating your role and contribution.

你的上司是否會讓你表現?

如果你不確定的話，你可以問問他：“我在工作中有什么樣的領導機會?”如果他的回答是像這樣的“這個地方只有一個領導——那就是我”你可能就碰到了我說的“壓制型的老板”。如果你的上司是這樣回答的“在這里我們都是領導：你可以全權負責你擅長的項目。”那么，這樣的上司就會欣賞你的作用和貢獻。

2. Does your boss solve problems?

Try asking, "How should I escalate problems to you when I think you need to get involved?" If she insists you must solve your issue alone, then she could be a "Confounder Boss" who ignores problems, which makes them worse. A good boss might say, "Give me detailed examples; I’ll determine the cause and work with managers at my level to correct the issues."

你的上司是否解決問題?

試著問問。“如果我認為一個問題涉及到你的話，我該如何將問題上交給你處理?”如果她堅持你必須獨自解決問題，那么她就是一個忽視問題的糊涂上司，這會讓問題更加嚴重。一個好的上司會這樣說“告訴我詳細的例子吧：我會找出原因，和那些與我同一層次的經理商量來解決問題”。

3. Does your boss let you complete your work?

When in doubt, try asking him or her when you can start handling tasks from start to finish. If the answer is, "I’m a hands-on manager; we do everything as a team," you’ve got trouble. This is a "Player Boss" who does parts of your job he likes and leaves problems for you. If you hear, "Tell me when you think you’re ready; I’ll give you guidelines and be available only when you need me," you’ll know your boss trusts your skills.

你的上司是否會讓你完成自己的工作?

如果有疑問的話，試著問問他/她你什么時候可以獨立從頭到尾跟一項任務。如果答案是“我是掌權的經理。我們做任何事情都是團體行動的。”那你就有麻煩了。這是典型的“演戲老板”，他會挑選你工作中他喜歡的部分來做，而將困難的問題留給你。如果你聽到的是“當你準備好的時候告訴我一聲。我會給你一些指導，并且只在你需要我的時候給你幫助。”這樣你就能明白你的上司相信你的能力。

4. Does your boss listen to your suggestions?

If not, tell her that when she cuts you off you wonder if she values your opinion. A reply like, "I have the final word," could mean she’s a "Manipulator Boss." A good boss will say something like, "I’m sorry, I wasn’t aware I was doing that. Please bring it to my attention next time it happens." A good boss always listens attentively.

你的上司是否聽你的建議?

如果不聽的話，告訴她當她否定你的意見時，你想知道她是否欣賞你的意見。如果回答是：“我有最終的決定權”，這就意味著她是“控制型上司”。一個好的上司會這樣回答“對不起，我沒注意到自己做了那樣的事情。下次如果再發生的話，請提醒我注意。”一個好的上司總會聚精會神的傾聽。

5. Does your boss treat you and your co-workers equally?

If you notice preferential treatment among your co-workers, try asking your boss, "What measurements will you use to evaluate my job performance?" If he says, "Every case is different; I use my judgment," he could be a "Dumbfounder Boss" who uses the wrong measures to evaluate job performance. A better answer, like, "Your work will be evaluated according to the documented standards we’ve already agreed upon," will signal your boss’s fairness.

你的上司對待你和其他同事是否一樣?

如果你注意到了有同事有受到優待，你可以試著問你的上司“你用什么樣的標準評價我的工作表現?”如果他說“每個情況都不同，我自有我的標準”。那他可能就是“呆瓜上司”，他們用錯誤的標準評定工作表現。更好的答案應該是像這樣的“你的工作表現是按照我們已經商定的并已成文的標準來評定的。”這樣會顯示你上司的公正。

Listening skills, problem-solving, a sense of fairness, and an ability to trust are just some of the hallmarks of a good boss. A good employee will learn to spot and appreciate those attributes, and then move toward building a mutually successful relationship.

傾聽技巧，解決問題，公平感，值得信任都只是一位好上司的標志的一部分。一個好的員工應該學會發現并尊重上司的這些品質，然后努力建立成功的互動關系。