be
英 [bi?]
美[bi]
- prep. 在，存在；是
- n. (Be)人名；(緬)拜；(日)部(姓)；(朝)培；(中非)貝
基本詞匯高頻詞CET6考研TEM4CET4
詞態變化
第三人稱單數:?is;過去式:?was;?were;過去分詞:?been;現在分詞:?being;
中文詞源
be 是，存在
來自PIE *bheue , 存在，生產，將要，同源詞包括future, physics。
英文詞源
- be
- be: [OE] There are four distinct components that go to make up the modern English verb be. The infinitive form be comes ultimately from an Indo-European base *bheu-, *bhu-, which also produced, by other routes, future and physical. Its Germanic descendant was *bu-, which signified on the one hand ‘dwell’ (from which we get booth, bower, byre, build, burly, byelaw, and the final element of neighbour), and on the other hand ‘grow, become’, which led to its adoption as part of the verb expressing ‘being’ (in Old English particularly with the future sense of ‘coming to be’). Am and is go back to the ancient Indo- European verb ‘be’, *es- or *s-, which has contributed massively to ‘be’ verbs throughout all Indo-European languages (third person present singulars Greek esti, Latin est, French est, German ist, Sanskrit ásti, Welsh ys, for example) The Indo-European first and third person singular forms were, respectively, ésmi and ésti.
For the present plural Old English used the related sind(on) (as found in Latin sunt, French sont, and German sind), but this died out in the 12th century, to be replaced by are, which comes from a Germanic base *ar- of unknown origin. From the same source is the now archaic second person singular art. The past tense forms was, were come ultimately from an Indo-European base *weswhich meant ‘dwell, remain’.
Related words in other Indo-European languages include Sanskrit vásati ‘dwell, remain’ and Gothic wisan ‘remain, continue’.
=> booth, bower, build, burly, byelaw, byre - be (v.)
- Old English beon, beom, bion "be, exist, come to be, become, happen," from Proto-Germanic *biju- "I am, I will be." This "b-root" is from PIE root *bheue- "to be, exist, grow, come into being," and in addition to the words in English it yielded German present first and second person singular (bin, bist, from Old High German bim "I am," bist "thou art"), Latin perfective tenses of esse (fui "I was," etc.), Old Church Slavonic byti "be," Greek phu- "become," Old Irish bi'u "I am," Lithuanian bu'ti "to be," Russian byt' "to be," etc. It also is behind Sanskrit bhavah "becoming," bhavati "becomes, happens," bhumih "earth, world."
The modern verb to be in its entirety represents the merger of two once-distinct verbs, the "b-root" represented by be and the am/was verb, which was itself a conglomerate. Roger Lass ("Old English") describes the verb as "a collection of semantically related paradigm fragments," while Weekley calls it "an accidental conglomeration from the different Old English dial[ect]s." It is the most irregular verb in Modern English and the most common. Collective in all Germanic languages, it has eight different forms in Modern English:
BE (infinitive, subjunctive, imperative)
AM (present 1st person singular)
ARE (present 2nd person singular and all plural)
IS (present 3rd person singular)
WAS (past 1st and 3rd persons singular)
WERE (past 2nd person singular, all plural; subjunctive)
BEING (progressive & present participle; gerund)
BEEN (perfect participle).
The paradigm in Old English was:SING. PL. 1st pres. ic eom
ic beowe sind(on)
we beoe2nd pres. tu eart
tu bistge sind(on)
ge beoe3rd pres. he is
he biehie sind(on)
hie beoe1st pret. ic w?s we w?ron 2nd pret. tu w?re ge waeron 3rd pret. heo w?s hie w?ron 1st pret. subj. ic w?re we w?ren 2nd pret. subj. tu w?re ge w?ren 3rd pret. subj. Egcfere w?re hie w?ren
The "b-root" had no past tense in Old English, but often served as future tense of am/was. In 13c. it took the place of the infinitive, participle and imperative forms of am/was. Later its plural forms (we beth, ye ben, they be) became standard in Middle English and it made inroads into the singular (I be, thou beest, he beth), but forms of are claimed this turf in the 1500s and replaced be in the plural. For the origin and evolution of the am/was branches of this tangle, see am and was.That but this blow Might be the be all, and the end all. ["Macbeth" I.vii.5]
雙語例句
- 1. The verb " dance " is regular, but the verb " be " is not.
- 動詞 dance 的變化是規則的, 但be的變化是不規則的.
來自《簡明英漢詞典》
- 2. Instead of complaining about what's wrong, be grateful for what's right.
- 別抱怨不好的事，要對好的事心存感恩。
來自金山詞霸 每日一句
- 3. The difference between who you are and who you want to be is what you do.
- 你是什么樣的人和你想成為什么樣的之間的差距就是，你做了什么。
來自金山詞霸 每日一句
- 4. What will be the effect of the alliance between IBM and Apple?
- 若IBM公司和蘋果公司聯手將會有什么效果呢？
來自柯林斯例句
- 5. Three hundred million dollars will be nothing like enough.
- 3億美元遠遠不夠。
來自柯林斯例句
