虛擬語氣

I．要點

表示說的話不是事實，或者是不可能發生的情況，而是一種愿望、建議或與事實相反的假設等。一般常用于正式的書面語中。

１、虛擬語氣的構成

情景

條件從句的謂語動詞

主句的謂語動詞

與現在事實相反

動詞過去式（be要用were）

should

+動詞原形

would

與過去事實相反

had +過去分詞

should

+have+過去分詞

would

與將來事實相反

１、動詞過去時

２、should +動詞原形

３、were to +動詞原形

should

＋動詞原形

would

注：如果條件從句謂語動詞包含有were或had, should, could有時可將if省去, 但要倒裝。如：

Had you (If you had) invited us, we would have come to your party.

２、虛擬語氣在各種從句的應用

（１）在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、惋惜、理應如此等，其謂語形式是"should(可省) ＋動詞原形"，常用于以下三種句型中。

句型一：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc) that…

句型二：It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc) that…

句型三：It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc) that…

如：It is strange that he (should) have done that.

It is a pity that he (should) be so careless.

It is requested that we (should) be so careless.

（２）在賓語從句中用于suggest, propose, move, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command等動詞后的賓語從句中，表間接的命令和建議。其謂語形式是"(should)+動詞原形"。如：

I suggest that we (should) go swimming.

（３）在表語從句中，表示間接的命令，要求、請求、建議、決定等，主句中的主語通常是suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea等。從句謂語形式是"(should)＋動詞原形"。如：

His suggestion is that we (should) leave at once.

（４）在同位語從句中，謂語形式是"(should)＋動詞原形"。如：

We received order that the work be done at once.

（５）在It is time that…句型中，其謂語動詞形式是"動詞的過去式"或

"should ＋動詞原形",should不可省。如：

It's time that we went ( should ）go to school.

II．例題

例１We had hoped that he ____ longer.

A stays B have stayed C stayed D would stay

解析：該題正確答案為Ｄ。had hoped表示"本希望"，同樣用法的動詞還有think, expect等，后面的句子需用虛擬語氣

例２"Mary wants to see you today".

"I would rather she ____ tomorrow than today."

A comes B came C should come D will come

解析：該題正確答案為Ｂ。would rather后面的從句需用虛擬語氣，用動詞過去時表示。

例３Had she been older, she ____ it better.

A had done B might have done

C might do D would do

解析：Had she been older = If she had been old. 故該題正確答案為Ｂ。