動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)是歷年高考英語(yǔ)測(cè)試的重中之重，一般占1—2道題。命題思路有三：一是直接給出標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，考生能依據(jù)所給時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)作出選擇;二是給出時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，但所給時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有著較強(qiáng)的干擾性，考生不能直接根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)作出選擇，需要結(jié)合語(yǔ)境判斷;三是沒(méi)有任何時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，需要借助于上下文語(yǔ)境，才能作出正確判斷。

考生應(yīng)熟知常用時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成及用法。高考題往往不會(huì)涉及單一的時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)，而是更多地側(cè)重于時(shí)態(tài)的交叉使用和呼應(yīng)及與語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)合使用。所以解題時(shí)一定要結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，弄清時(shí)間的先后關(guān)系，可根據(jù)不同情況采取“找標(biāo)法”(尋找時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞)、“呼應(yīng)法”(主從句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng))、“搭配法”(固定搭配)、“語(yǔ)境法”等解題技巧。

一?識(shí)別標(biāo)志詞

如果題干中有標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),則往往可以根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)選擇相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)?

[例]①M(fèi)ore than a dozen students in that school ________ abroad to study medicine last year.

A. sent B. were sentC. had sentD. had been sent

[解析] 此題有明顯的時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞last year,提示我們應(yīng)該使用一般過(guò)去時(shí);句中的主語(yǔ)students是被送的對(duì)象,應(yīng)該使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?答案為B?

動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一般都有其相應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),請(qǐng)同學(xué)們熟記下列8種常用時(shí)態(tài)所對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)?

(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):often, always, usually, seldom, now , every day等?

(2)一般過(guò)去時(shí):then, yesterday, last week, after that, ago, in the following/next few months等?

(3)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):now, right now, at present, at this moment, these days等?

(4)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí):then, at that time, at this time yesterday等?

(5)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí): recently, lately, up to/till now, so far, in the past/last few months/years…, for+一 段時(shí)間, since + 一點(diǎn)時(shí)間等?

(6)過(guò)去完成時(shí):before, by the end of last month/years…等?

(7)一般將來(lái)時(shí):tomorrow, today, next week/month…, in an hour, in the coming/following few weeks等?

(8)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí):the following month, the next week等?

[命題角度及對(duì)策]高考測(cè)試動(dòng)詞 時(shí)態(tài)須與句中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)一致時(shí),常在題干中加入具體情景,以測(cè)試考生對(duì)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)知識(shí)的實(shí)際運(yùn)用能力?敏銳捕捉時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞,并結(jié)合具體的語(yǔ)境,選擇出正確的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài),是解決此類問(wèn)題的良策?

二?主從時(shí)態(tài)須呼應(yīng)

如果所給題干是主從復(fù)合句,可根據(jù)主從句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)的原則選出正確的時(shí)態(tài)?

命題角度及對(duì)策]近年來(lái)高考考查主從句的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)時(shí),常放在真實(shí)的并且符合實(shí)際的語(yǔ)境中進(jìn)行考查?在根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)原則解題時(shí),要把握好以下幾點(diǎn):

(1)在時(shí)間?條件等狀語(yǔ)從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般將來(lái)時(shí),一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí),用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示將來(lái)完成時(shí)?

(2)正確認(rèn)定主句動(dòng)詞及從句動(dòng)詞兩個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間,并認(rèn)真體會(huì)命題者所給出的語(yǔ)境?

(3)解答賓語(yǔ)從句與主句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)題時(shí),考生應(yīng)熟知以下規(guī)則:主句動(dòng)詞為現(xiàn)在時(shí),則從句動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)需要使用任何時(shí)態(tài);主句動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去時(shí),則從句動(dòng)詞須用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪^(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)(表示客觀真理時(shí)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))?

三?仔細(xì)體會(huì)語(yǔ)境

近年來(lái)高考試題對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)考查的要求越來(lái)越高,大部分試題趨向情境化?實(shí)際化?因此,仔細(xì)體會(huì)所給語(yǔ)境,根據(jù)具體語(yǔ)境選擇合適的時(shí)態(tài)是考生需要重點(diǎn)解決的問(wèn)題?

例：—Do you think we should accept that offer?

—Yes，we should，for we______ such bad luck up till now，and time______ out.

A. have had;is running

B. had;is running

C. have;has been run

D. have had;has been run

【答案解析】 A。由時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞up till now知道，動(dòng)作是從過(guò)去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，所以第一空要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);而根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知時(shí)間快要耗光了，所以第二空要用進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)。

—Can you tell me the timetable of the__________school bus?

—Well, the bus__________here for the __________campus at 7:00 A.m..

A.will leave B.left

C.is leaving D.leaves

【答案解析】 D。考查時(shí)態(tài)，“校班車的時(shí)間表”是規(guī)定好的事情，表示一般性動(dòng)作用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。