在轉(zhuǎn)述對(duì)話的時(shí)候，我們常用動(dòng)詞say一次又一次地使用。而he said、she said的用法在重復(fù)的使用下也顯得乏味不堪。這種用法不僅老生常談，而且敘述性頁(yè)不強(qiáng)。為了更好地表達(dá)記敘文中的間接引語(yǔ)及其他陳述的情緒，使用表聲音的動(dòng)詞與副詞就顯得尤為重要。表聲音的動(dòng)詞與副詞能夠幫助表達(dá)出陳述、疑問(wèn)和回復(fù)中所包含的動(dòng)機(jī)，并向讀者傳達(dá)重要的信息。
每一個(gè)表聲音動(dòng)詞和副詞后面，都附有對(duì)其典型用法的簡(jiǎn)要描述，以及一個(gè)例句來(lái)陳述怎樣用更具描述性的用法來(lái)替換he said、she said。
Vocal Verbs
表聲音動(dòng)詞
表聲音的動(dòng)詞可以傳達(dá)出陳述語(yǔ)氣中包含的信息。例如，擬聲動(dòng)詞moan(悲嘆)能表達(dá)出以抱怨的語(yǔ)氣或低聲說(shuō)出某事。根據(jù)不同陳述類型所表達(dá)出的意義，這些表聲音動(dòng)詞可以進(jìn)行以下分類。
1.Say Suddenly
突然說(shuō)
Blurt
(脫口而出)
Exclaim
(大聲說(shuō)出)
Gasp
(喘著氣說(shuō)話)
Snap
(厲聲說(shuō))
Examples:
例子
Alison blurted out the answer.
艾莉森將答案脫口而出。
Jack gasped in reaction to the scene.
面對(duì)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，杰克氣喘吁吁。
I snapped a quick response to his question.
我飛快地回答了他的問(wèn)題。
2.Provide Advice / Opinion
提供建議/意見(jiàn)
Advise
(建議)
Argue
(證明)
Caution
(警告)
Note
(注意)
Observe
(評(píng)述)
Warn
(警告)
Examples:
例子
Pete cautioned the children to be careful.
皮特提醒孩子們注意安全。
The teacher observed that the exercise was difficult.
老師認(rèn)為這次測(cè)驗(yàn)很難。
The driver warned his passengers about the noise.
司機(jī)警告乘客不要大聲喧嘩。
3.Exclaim
(大聲說(shuō)出)
Bellow
(吼叫)
Call
(喊叫)
Cry
(叫喊)
Scream
(尖叫)
Shout
(呼喊)
Yell
(喊叫著說(shuō))
Examples:
例子
She shouted out the answer.
她大聲喊出答案。
The boys screamed as they dived into the cold water.
當(dāng)男孩們把手伸進(jìn)冷水里時(shí)，他們尖叫起來(lái)。
The mother cried out in disdain when her son was accused of the crime.
當(dāng)?shù)弥獌鹤颖恢缚赜凶飼r(shí)，不屑地大聲抱怨。
4.Say Softly
輕聲說(shuō)
The following four vocal verbs are often used as a complaint.
下面的四個(gè)表聲音的動(dòng)詞常用于抱怨中。
Groan
(抱怨)
Moan
(抱怨著說(shuō))
Mumble
(咕噥)
Mutter
(喃喃自語(yǔ))
Whisper
(低聲說(shuō)出)
Examples:
例子
Jack mumbled his responses to the questions.
杰克嘟噥著說(shuō)出問(wèn)題的答案。
He muttered so badly that they couldn’t understand him.
他喃喃自語(yǔ)，以至于大家都沒(méi)理解他的意思。
I moaned that I was hurt.
我抱怨著說(shuō)，自己受傷了。
5.Say with Authority / Command
有威信/命令地說(shuō)
Announce
(宣布)
Assert
(主張)
Order
(命令)
Examples:
例子
The teacher announced the exam at the end of the week.
老師宣布，考試在周末進(jìn)行。
Jane asserted her rights as a voter.
簡(jiǎn)以選舉人的身份宣告了自己的權(quán)力。
The police ordered the protesters away from the area.
警察命令抗議者撤離。
Vocal Adverbs
表聲音的副詞
表聲音的副詞能夠傳達(dá)出陳述方式所包含的信息。表聲音的副詞常在說(shuō)話者進(jìn)行陳述時(shí)，用來(lái)表達(dá)其他附加信息。例如，表聲音的副詞joyfully表示高興地說(shuō)出某事。
例如：He joyfully exclaimed the news!(他高興地宣布了這個(gè)消息!)表示說(shuō)話人在陳述時(shí)非常愉快。而He arrogantly exclaimed the news.(他不可一世地宣布了這個(gè)消息)則傳達(dá)出了另一種截然不同的說(shuō)話者信息。
Common Vocal Adverbs
常見(jiàn)的表聲音的副詞
1.admiringly - indicates: respect for someone
表示：非常尊敬某人
Example:
例子
Alice admiringly noticed his clothes.
愛(ài)麗絲欽佩地注視著他的穿著。
2.angrily - indicates: with anger
表示：帶著怒氣
Example:
例子
She angrily denounced his crimes.
她憤怒地指責(zé)了他的罪行。
3.casually - indicates: without much importance
表示：不加以重視
Example:
例子
She casually conceded her mistake.
她很隨意地就承認(rèn)了自己的錯(cuò)誤。
4.cautiously - indicates: in a careful manner
表示：小心翼翼地
Example:
例子
She cautiously mentioned the extra homework.
她小心翼翼地提到額外的家庭作業(yè)。
5.cheerfully - indicates: joy, happiness
表示：快樂(lè)、開(kāi)心。
Example:
例子
Frank cheerfully agreed to do the job.
法蘭克高興地接受了這份工作。
6.decisively - indicates: belief in statement made
表示：對(duì)自己所說(shuō)的話十分堅(jiān)信
Example:
例子
Ken decisively replied to the question.
肯果斷地回答了這個(gè)問(wèn)題。
7.defiantly - indicates: challenge to something
表示：挑戰(zhàn)某事
Example:
例子
Peter defiantly taunted his classmates.
皮特挑釁地奚落了同學(xué)們。
8.formally - indicates: proper, correct
表示：合適的，正確的
Example:
例子
Josh formally complained to the personnel department.
喬希正式向人事部投訴。
9.gloomily - indicates: without much belief in something
表示：對(duì)某事不太確信
Example:
例子
I gloomily remarked that I was aware of the problem.
我郁郁地說(shuō)自己意識(shí)到了問(wèn)題。
10.harshly - indicates: critical judgement
嚴(yán)厲地批判
Example:
例子
The teacher harshly scolded the children.
老師嚴(yán)厲地批評(píng)了孩子們。
11.jealously - indicates: wanting something that someone else has
表示：想得到別人擁有的某物
Example:
例子
Mary jealously whined the wanted some of the ice cream.
瑪麗嫉妒地抱怨，想吃點(diǎn)冰淇淋。
12.meekly - indicates: without much conviction
表示：不確信
Example:
例子
Jennifer meekly mumbled her apology.
詹妮弗輕聲嘟噥著自己的錯(cuò)誤。
13.mysteriously - indicates: mystery, unexplained situations
表示：神秘的，未說(shuō)明的情形
Example:
例子
Susan mysteriously warned us about the townin Utah.
蘇珊神秘兮兮地警告我們小心猶他州里的那個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)。
14.offensively - indicates: rudeness
表示：粗魯?shù)?/p>
Example:
例子
Alan offensively argued his point about schooling.
艾倫毫不客氣地爭(zhēng)論著關(guān)于教育的看法。
15.sadly - indicates: sadness
表示：悲傷地
Example:
例子
Thomas sadly observed that his business was bankrupt.
托馬斯悲痛地意識(shí)到，他破產(chǎn)了。
16.serenely - indicates: peace, complete belief in something
表示：平靜，完全相信某事。
Example:
例子
Alice serenely responded to the investigators questions.
愛(ài)麗絲沉著地火大了調(diào)查者的疑問(wèn)。
17.shyly - indicates: without conviction, shyness
表示：不確信，羞怯地
Example:
例子
The customer shyly complained about the food to the manager.
客人含蓄地向經(jīng)理抱怨了飯菜。
18.sternly - indicates: authority
表示：權(quán)威地
Example:
例子
The teacher sternly stated that all reports were due on Friday.
老師嚴(yán)厲聲明，所有的報(bào)告都應(yīng)在周五之前上交。
19.thankfully - indicates: gratitude
表示：感激地
Example:
例子
Jane thankfully accepted the job offer.
簡(jiǎn)感激地接受了這份工作。
20.wisely - indicates: wisdom, smart decision
表示：明智的，聰明的決定。
Example:
例子
Angela wisely commented on the situation.
安吉拉對(duì)形勢(shì)進(jìn)行了明智的點(diǎn)評(píng)。
