內 容 提 要
這一章主要從三個方面講述。限定詞和被限定詞之間的呼應，包括冠詞與名詞、數詞與名詞、代詞與名詞之間的關系;主語和謂語的呼應，包括單數情況的呼應和復數情況的呼應，對等成分的前后呼應;還有并列主語與謂語動詞的呼應。
I限定詞和被限定詞間的呼應
一、 冠詞與所修飾名詞間的呼應
1. 不定冠詞a/an表示“一個，一部分”，與之匹配的是名詞的單數形式，不管a/an與它所修飾的名詞之間有多少個限定成分，都要遵循這一規則
1) A significant proportions [A] of the plants and animals of [B] Hawaii exists nowhere else [C] in the world [D] .
2) The discovery [A] of kerosene and the invention of a glass [B] chimney made possible [C] a greatly improved lamps [D] .
3) Jim Thorpe， a football [A] ，track，and baseball stars [B] from Pennsylvania，is considered by many [C] to be the greatest [D] all?round athlete of modern times.
2. “冠詞+表示單概的名詞+介詞短語或從句(不管介詞短語或從句中的名詞是單數名詞還是復數名詞)”，主句的謂語動詞都要用單數形式
4) A typical [A] farm in the [B] midwestern United States cover [C] about three hundred acres of fertile [D] prairie land.
5) The Petrified Forest of eastern Arizona are [A] made up of tree trunks [B] that were buried in mud，sand，or volcanic ash ages ago [C] and have turned to stone [D] .
6) Many [A] of the population in the rural areas [B] is composed [C] of manual laborers [D] .
二、 數詞與修飾名詞間的呼應
1. 可數名詞要么與冠詞連用，要么用其復數形式，一般不單獨使用
7) Thomas Jefferson skillfully [A] organized his [B] supporter [C] in congress into a strong [D] political group.
2. 表示“一”的數詞作定語時，用可數名詞單數;表示“一”以上的數詞作定語時，可數名詞用其復數
8) If [A] [KG?2] laid out [B] in a straight line，the human digestive tract(消化道) would measure [C] approximately thirty foot in length [D] .
9) Edna Ferber told [A] the story [B] of her life [C] in two book [D] .
10) Sea turtles date back 100 million year [A] and are the only ancient [B] sea reptiles to survive [C] to the present [D] day.
3. 序數詞作定語時，名詞用單數形式。這時序數詞前常加定冠詞the
11) Sodium(鈉) is [A] the six [B] most abundant [C] element in [D] the earth’s crust.
12) First incorporated [A] in 1871，Dallas，Texas， had become [B] the seventh [C] largest cities [D] in the United States by 1976.
4. “一以上的基數詞+連字符+表示時間(大小、長度、距離、高度等)的名詞(+old)作定語”時，名詞用單數形式
13 Like [A] some other running [B] birds，the gander(雄鵝) lacks [C] a back toe and has a three?toed feet [D] .
5. much和much of后接不可數名詞，而many和many of后接可數名詞的復數
14) Food seasoning plays an important [A] role in the cooking [B] customs of much [C] cultures in [D] the world.
15) The bluegrass country [A] around Lexington, Kentucky is [B] the home of much of [C] the world’s [D] finest race horses.
6. 表示度和量的詞后面有的接可數名詞，有的接不可數名詞。接可數的名詞有：a range of+復數名詞，a series of+復數名詞， a variety of +復數名詞或不可數名詞，a number of+復數名詞等;可接不可數名詞有：an amount of+不可數名詞等
16) Two waterfalls within [A] the city limits supply [B] Rochester，New York，with an enormous [C] number [D] of electric power.
17) A wide [A] range of disorder [B] can affect the human [C] muscular [D] system.
18) Institutions [A] of higher learning get [B] their funds from a variety [C] of source [D] .
7. half of +復數名詞，其謂語用復數形式(但half+表示程度大小的詞用不可數修飾，如as much as half a meter)
19) Nearly [A] half of the ancient [B] meteor(流星) craters(隕石坑) has been [C] found in central and eastern [D] Canada.
20) At [A] birth，an infant exhibits [B] a remarkable [C] number of motor response [D] .
三、代詞與修飾詞間的呼應
1. 不定代詞與名詞的一致 不定代詞another修飾可數名詞單數，而other則修飾可數名詞復數或不可數名詞
21) White spots in [A] a person’s fingernail are caused by [B] bruises or [C] other minor injury [D] .
22) Mineral prospectors use [A] their knowledge [B] of geophysics to locate [C] deposits of oil，uranium(鈾)， and another [D] valuable minerals.
23) “Cool Jazz” emerged when [A] tenor saxophonist Lester Young， guitarist [B] Charlie Christran，and another [C] musicians made major changes [D] in jazz improvisation.
2. 不定代詞much, (a) little, less, least, a great deal/amount of修飾不可數名詞; many, (a) few, both則修飾可數名詞的復數形式, a great variety of后面接可數名詞或不可數名詞均可， every, each, one, none則修飾單數名詞;all可修飾可數和不可數名詞，但修飾可數名詞時須用復數
24) At one time [A] many person [B] believed [C] that some forked twigs had supernatural powers [D] .
25) The general sales tax has been [A] a major source of income for state governments， much [B] of which derive more than half [C] of their [D] budgets from it.
26) Electing [A] honest and competent individuals to public office [B] is really [C] the responsibility of every peoples [D] in a democratic society.
3. 人稱代詞與名詞的呼應 人稱代詞I(me), he(him), she(her), it都是代替前邊的單數名詞，而they(them), we(us)則是代表復數的，you既可代表單數，也可代表復數，但表示泛指的時候，我們漢語用“我們”來表示，而英語則用“he”或“one”來表示。
27) The leaves of the red maple(槭樹) are highly [A] poisonous to horses and when ingested [B] can kill [C] it [D] within fifteen hours.
28) The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies that divides [A] the waters [B] flowing into [C] the Atlantic Ocean from it [D] flowing into the Pacific.
29) Mahogany(桃花心木) is often considered [A] the finest cabinet wood [B] because they [C] has most of the qualities desired [D] for furniture making.
4. 物主代詞與名詞的呼應 my, our, his, her, its, their要與代替的名詞在數上一致
30) The welfare department, as well as the other social services, will have budget cut.
[A] their
[B] his
[C] its
[D] our
31) Women have always [A] worked in the United States，and hers [B] work has been [C] indispensable in the expansion [D] of American industry.
32) Dolphins are warm?blooded; that is， its [A] body temperature always stays [B] about the same， regardless [C] of the surroundings [D] .
5. 反身代詞與其所代成分間的呼應
33) Behavior modification techniques work [A] best [B] with problems that manifest itself [C] in overt(公開的，明顯的) actions [D] .
34) Since the beginning of recorded history humans have been known [A] to seek [B] good health and the means to [C] cure itself [D] of illness.
6. 指示代詞與所代名詞間的呼應 this和that指代單數名詞或不可數名詞，而one只指代可數名詞單數。these、those和ones指代復數名詞(而且those還可作先行詞，可以有定語從句，those表示“那些人”)。one…another表示“一個……另一個”;the other表示兩者中的另一個;the others表示一個整體中的“另外一些”。one和those后邊還可以跟who引導的定語從句，one代替名詞單數，those代替名詞復數
